What is Composition in functions?
The value returned by a function may be used as an argument for another function in a nested manner. This is called composition. For example, if we wish to take a numeric value or an expression as a input from the user, we take the input string from the user using the function input() and apply eval() function to evaluate its value.
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12 STD || CH: 7 || PYTHON || BUILD IN FUNCTIONS || COMPUTER SCIENCE
Defining Functions.
Functions must be defined, to create and use certain functionality. There are many built-in functions that comes with the language python (for instance, the print() function), but you can also define your own
function. When defining functions there are multiple things that need to be noted;
• Function blocks begin with the keyword
“def” followed by function name and
parenthesis ().
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Introduction.
Functions are named blocks of code that are designed to do specifi c job. When you want to perform a particular task that you have defi ned in a function, you call the name of the function responsible for it. If you need to perform that task multiple times throughout your program, you don’t
need to type all the code for the same task again and again; you just call the function dedicated to handling that task, and the call tells Python to run the code inside the function. You’ll fi nd that using functions makes your programs easier to write, read, test, and fix errors.
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12 STD || CH: 7 || PART-1 || FUNCTION IN PYTHON INTRO
Jump Statements in Python
The jump statement in Python, is used to unconditionally transfer the control from one part of the program to another. There are three keywords to achieve jump statements in Python : break, continue, pass. The following flowchart illustrates the use of break and continue.
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12 std || PART-2 || PYTHON || JUMP STATEMENT
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Alternative or Branching Statement
In our day-to-day life we need to take various decisions and choose an alternate path to achieve our goal. May be we would have taken an alternate route to reach our destination when we find the usual road by which we travel is blocked. This type of decision making is what we are to learn through alternative or branching statement. Checking whether the given number is positive or negative, even or odd can all be done using alternative or branching statement.
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Programs may contain set of statements. Th ese statements are the executable segments that yield the result. In general, statements are executed sequentially, that is the statements are executed one aft er another. Th ere may be situations in our real life programming where we need to skip a segment or set of statements and execute another segment based on the test of a condition. Th is is called alternative or branching. Also, we may need to execute a set of statements multiple times, called iteration or looping. In this chapter we are to focus on the various control structures in Python, their syntax and learn how to develop the programs using them.
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12 std || PART-1 || PYTHON || CONTROL STRUCTURE
Attributes
An attribute is the information about that entity and it will describe, quantify, qualify, classify, and specify an entity. An attribute will always have a single value, that value can be a number or character or string.
Types of attributes:
1. Key Attribute
2. Simple Attributes
3. Composite Attributes
4. Single Valued Attribute
5. Multi Valued Attribute
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12 STD || PART-4 || Introduction to Database Management System
Database
The most popular Relational Database is MySQL. It is an open source SQL database supporting different platforms like Windows, Linux and MAC Operating Systems. The other relational databasesavailable are Oracle, MS SQL Server and MS Access. The features of RDBMS are
●● High Availability
●● High Performance
●● Robust Transactions and support
●● Ease of management
●● Less cost
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ACID Properties – The acronym stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability. Atomicity follows the thumb rule “All or Nothing”, while updating the data in database for the user performing the update operation. This update operation is called as transaction and it either commits (successful updating) or aborts (updating failure).
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12 STD || PART-2 || Introduction to Database Management System
Introduction to Database Management System
DBMS stands for Database Management System, so let us break down the words what they really mean. A database is a place where we store, retrieve and manage data. So what’s a data then? Meaningful information like your name, your favorite color etc to complex data like astronomical data that scientist handle, everything comes under database.
The management system refers to a set of programs to manage the data, we have with various actions like storing, retrieving, filtering etc. Some of the popular Database Management System is MySQL, Oracle etc. Giving protection to data, user-friendly for users etc, are some of the notable features of good DBMS.
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12 STD ||PART-1 || Introduction to Database Management System
